A practical reference on ipamorelin: what it is, how it behaves, what the literature reports, and where the honest uncertainties sit.
This page was last updated on 2025-11-28 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
Lyophilized ipamorelin powder is the form usually supplied for laboratory work. Kept dry, protected from light, and held at minus 20 degrees Celsius or below, it remains stable for extended periods, often measured in years. Once dissolved, the peptide degrades faster through hydrolysis, oxidation, and deamidation, so solutions are typically refrigerated and used within weeks. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles and exposure to alkaline conditions accelerate loss of the parent compound.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is the standard tool for assessing purity. Detection near 214 nanometers captures the peptide backbone, and the resulting chromatogram shows the main peak alongside related impurities. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirms molecular mass and supports sequence verification. Common degradation products include oxidized residues, deamidated forms, and truncated fragments, each appearing as a distinct peak or shoulder in the trace.
Long-term storage of the dry powder is typically at minus twenty degrees Celsius or lower, protected from light and moisture. Solutions are commonly kept frozen and thawed only once, because repeated freeze-thaw cycles can promote aggregation and loss of measurable peptide content. Buffers near neutral pH are preferred over strongly acidic or strongly basic conditions. Shipping at ambient temperature is acceptable for short periods when the powder remains sealed and desiccated.
Identity and purity are assessed by complementary methods rather than a single test. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separates the peptide from related impurities and reports a percentage purity. Mass spectrometry, most often with electrospray ionization, confirms the expected molecular mass and detects sequence-related variants. Amino acid analysis can verify composition, while water content and residual counterion measurements support the mass balance of a batch. Stability studies under accelerated conditions are used to estimate shelf life, though such estimates carry uncertainty for long-term storage.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Typical purity | 95 percent or higher | Research grade, by reversed-phase chromatography |
| Analytical method | Reversed-phase HPLC, 214 nm | Used for purity and impurity profile |
| Identity confirmation | Electrospray mass spectrometry | Checked against theoretical mass |
| Storage, lyophilized | Minus 20 degrees Celsius or lower | Desiccated and protected from light |
| Storage, reconstituted | 2 to 8 degrees Celsius | Short-term use, avoid repeated freezing |
Research quantities of ipamorelin are typically distributed as a white to off-white lyophilized powder. The solid dissolves readily in water and in aqueous buffers, and stock solutions are commonly prepared in sterile water or a mildly acidic diluent. Adsorption to plastic and glass surfaces can reduce the concentration of very dilute solutions, so containers and transfer steps deserve attention when accurate concentrations matter. Reconstituted material is generally used promptly rather than held for extended periods.
Storage recommendations for the dry solid center on low temperature and low moisture, most often -20 °C in a sealed, desiccated container protected from light. Solutions are less stable than the powder and are usually kept cold and used within a short window. Freeze-thaw cycling is a recognized source of loss, and aliquoting before freezing is a standard precaution. These practices derive from general peptide handling principles rather than from a single published stability trial, so exact shelf lives should be treated as approximate.
Analytical confirmation relies on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, often coupled to mass spectrometry for identity and purity assessment. Mass spectrometry distinguishes the intact molecule from truncation products and from oxidation or deamidation variants that share similar chromatographic retention. Immunoassays appear in some biological studies but can cross-react with related peptides, so they are weaker tools for identity work. Reported purity figures depend heavily on the gradient, detector, and integration method used, which complicates direct comparison between laboratories.
在机制层面，ipamorelin 与生长激素促分泌受体 1a 型结合，该受体也介导胃饥饿素的多种效应。受体激活后，细胞内信号促进生长激素从垂体前叶释放。由于对促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇的刺激较弱，它被视为选择性较高的促分泌剂。这种选择性在动物模型和少量人体研究中被观察到，但人体数据仍然有限。
现有文献多来自小规模、短期的研究，涉及生长激素缺乏、术后肠麻痹等方向。长期使用是否导致受体脱敏，以及重复给药后效应是否衰减，仍属开放问题。不同研究之间的剂量、给药途径和受试者特征差异较大，因此结论外推需谨慎。关于临床获益的确切证据尚不充分，需要更大规模的对照试验来澄清。
Ipamorelin 是一种合成五肽，在 20 世纪 90 年代被报道为生长激素促分泌剂。其结构基于胃饥饿素受体激动剂的设计思路，但并非天然激素。早期药理学研究显示，它可刺激垂体释放生长激素，而对应激激素轴的影响相对较小。该化合物常被用作研究生长激素调节通路的工具分子。
== Active site == The spherical carboxypeptidase domain of the catalytic subunit has a circular indentation in the surface which is the location of the active-site groove. The base of the groove is formed by 3 β-sheets while the walls of the groove are lined with α-helices. The electron density in the middle of the groove allows a space for the zinc ion cofactor to bind. The P1' residue of the substrate is placed in a specific cavity (S1') of the active-site groove while the P1 residues and on extend into a mostly hydrophobic area of the groove (in pockets S1, S2, etc.). The scissile peptide bond is held in place with several polar interactions between protein side groups. The nitrogen atom on the C-terminal side is anchored to the nearby guanidine groups of arginine molecules. On the N-terminal side, the nitrogen atom is held by hydrogen bonds with tyrosine while the carbonyl group is held by hydrogen bonds with lysine. These interactions stretch the peptide bond and set it up for the water molecule to break it apart. While there are technically two active sites on the tetramer, one on each active subunit, only one active site can be used at a time.
Ancient seafaring people were aware of the octopus, as evidenced by artworks and designs. It was depicted on coins during the Minoan civilization possibly as early as 1650 BCE and on pottery in Mycenaean Greece around between 1200 and 1100 BCE. A Hawaiian creation myth suggests that the octopus is the lone survivor of a previous age. The legendary sea monster, the kraken is conceived as octopus-like. Similarly, Medusa was compared to an octopus, with her snake-hair resembling the creature's arms. The Akkorokamui is a gigantic octopus-like monster from Ainu folklore, worshipped in Shinto. In the Asuka-era Japanese legend Taishokan, a female diver battles an octopus to recover a stolen jewel, which became the inspiration for woodblock printings. Similarly, in the 1973 novel Gravity's Rainbow an octopus named Grigori attacks a woman on the beach. A battle with an octopus plays a significant role in Victor Hugo's 1866 book Travailleurs de la mer (Toilers of the Sea). The octopus continues to be depicted as antagonistic in films such as Wake of the Red Witch (1948). In political cartoons, octopuses have been used to symbolise empires and large organisations, the arms representing long reach. Octopuses also have an erotic appeal. Japanese erotic art, shunga, includes ukiyo-e woodblock prints such as Katsushika Hokusai's 1814 print Tako to ama (The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife), in which a woman is sexually intertwined with a large and a small octopus. This art style would inspire Pablo Picasso's 1903 drawing An Erotic Drawing: Woman and Octopus.
=== Business === Protein Capture Science is a biotech start-up company commercializing a self-removing affinity tag technology for research and large-scale purifications of proteins. Wood and Izabela Gierach are co-founders of the company, based in Columbus, Ohio. The first line of the iCapTag products for protein purification was showcased in the Industry Innovators 2021-2022 Issue of the journal BioProcess International. Protein Capture Science was recently awarded several grants and funding, including highly competitive The Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start-Up Fund and the Concept Fund for extraordinary technologies by the Department of Development, State of Ohio.
{\displaystyle \log D_{\text{oct/wat}}=\log _{10}\left({\frac {{\big [}{\text{solute}}{\big ]}_{\text{octanol}}^{\text{ionized}}+{\big [}{\text{solute}}{\big ]}_{\text{octanol}}^{\text{un-ionized}}}{{\big [}{\text{solute}}{\big ]}_{\text{water}}^{\text{ionized}}+{\big [}{\text{solute}}{\big ]}_{\text{water}}^{\text{un-ionized}}}}\right).}
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Xylazine is the most widely anesthetic agent used for short-duration operations in non-human animals. It does not have a medical use in humans. Pharmacokinetics of xylazine may be influenced by anesthesia since after an intravenous therapy about 1.1 mg/kg, the half-life of xylazine will increase to 118 minutes and the clearance will decrease to 6 mL/kg/min. Based on a recent study, if injecting the morphine, which is 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg, in the vein at the same time can extend the terminal half-life to about 150 minutes and the clearance will not be influenced.
Semirational mutagenesis of a number of residues led to pH-sensitive mutants known as pHluorins, and later super-ecliptic pHluorins. By exploiting the rapid change in pH upon synaptic vesicle fusion, pHluorins tagged to synaptobrevin have been used to visualize synaptic activity in neurons. Redox sensitive GFP (roGFP) was engineered by introduction of cysteines into the beta barrel structure. The redox state of the cysteines determines the fluorescent properties of roGFP.
== Plasma proteins == Plasma contains a large variety of proteins including albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting proteins such as fibrinogen. Albumin constitutes about 60% of the total protein in plasma and is present at concentrations between 35 and 55 mg/mL. It is the main contributor to osmotic pressure of the blood and it functions as a carrier molecule for molecules with low water solubility such as lipid-soluble hormones, enzymes, fatty acids, metal ions, and pharmaceutical compounds. Albumin is structurally stable due to its seventeen disulfide bonds and unique in that it has the highest water solubility and the lowest isoelectric point (pI) of the plasma proteins. Due to the structural integrity of albumin it remains stable under conditions where most other proteins denature.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
The phage group was an informal network of biologists that carried out basic research mainly on bacteriophage T4 and made numerous seminal contributions to microbial genetics and the origins of molecular biology in the mid-20th century. In 1961, Sydney Brenner, an early member of the phage group, collaborated with Francis Crick, Leslie Barnett and Richard Watts-Tobin at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge to perform genetic experiments that demonstrated the basic nature of the genetic code for proteins. These experiments, carried out with mutants of the rIIB gene of bacteriophage T4, showed, that for a gene that encodes a protein, three sequential bases of the gene's DNA specify each successive amino acid of the protein. Thus the genetic code is a triplet code, where each triplet (called a codon) specifies a particular amino acid. They also found that the codons do not overlap with each other in the DNA sequence encoding a protein, and that such a sequence is read from a fixed starting point. During 1962–1964 phage T4 researchers provided an opportunity to study the function of virtually all of the genes that are essential for growth of the bacteriophage under laboratory conditions. These studies were facilitated by the discovery of two classes of conditional lethal mutants. One class of such mutants is known as amber mutants. Another class of conditional lethal mutants is referred to as temperature-sensitive mutants. Studies of these two classes of mutants led to considerable insight into numerous fundamental biologic problems.
When lipids are extracted or isolated from biomembranes, polymorphism and mesomorphism can occur because they are then no longer under the intermolecular constraints that are present within the biomembrane. This can lead to formation of non-lamellar (non-bilayer) or lamellar phases in phospholipids. "Polymorphism" refers to formation of diverse structures such as three-dimensional tubes, rods, and structures with cubic symmetry. Mesomorphism refers to phase transitions when heat is applied. For example, a lipid can be in the lamellar phase at a lower temperature, but as the temperature increases, it transitions into a non-lamellar phase. It is important to consider the size of the hydrophilic region versus the hydrophobic region. For example, if the hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region are similar, a cylindrical shape lipid bilayer is formed; but when the hydrophilic regions is smaller than the hydrophobic region a cone-shaped lipid bilayer is formed. Another example is the formation of micelles which has a non-lamellar formation in which the hydrophilic region is significantly larger compared to the hydrophobic region. There are various liquid-crystalline phases that can exist in lipids. Liquid-crystalline phases are when the hydrophobic chain regions are not motionless but are allowed to move about freely in a fluid-like melted state. The lamellar phase (Lα) is the most common and dominant phase in lipids and are aligned as stacks of bilayers on top of bilayers oriented in one single direction.
== ISO 3000 – ISO 3299 == ISO 3000:1974 Sodium tripolyphosphate for industrial use — Estimation of tripolyphosphate content — Tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt (III) chloride gravimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3001:1999 Plastics — Epoxy compounds — Determination of epoxy equivalent ISO 3002 Basic quantities in cutting and grinding ISO 3002-1:1982 Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools – General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers ISO 3002-2:1982 Part 2: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools – General conversion formulae to relate tool and working angles ISO 3002-3:1984 Part 3: Geometric and kinematic quantities in cutting ISO 3002-4:1984 Part 4: Forces, energy, power ISO 3002-5:1989 Part 5: Basic terminology for grinding processes using grinding wheels ISO 3003:1974 Dried-milk borers [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 707] ISO 3004 Light gauge metal containers — Capacities and related cross-sections ISO 3004-1:1986 Part 1: Open-top cans for general food [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 10653, ISO 10654, ISO/TR 11761, ISO/TR 11762, and ISO/TR 11776] ISO 3004-2:1989 Part 2: Open-top cans for meat and products containing meat for human consumption [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 10653, ISO 10654, ISO/TR 11761, ISO/TR 11762, and ISO/TR 11776] ISO 3004-3:1986 Part 3: Open-top cans for drinks ISO 3004-4:1986 Part 4: Open-top cans for edible oil [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 10653, ISO 10654, ISO/TR 11761, ISO/TR 11762, and ISO/TR 11776] ISO 3004-5:1988 Part 5: Open-top cans for fish and other fishery products [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 10653, ISO 10654, ISO/TR 11761, ISO/TR 11762, and ISO/TR 11776] ISO 3004-6:1986 Part 6: Open-top cans for milk [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 10653, ISO 10654, ISO/TR 11761, ISO/TR 11762, and ISO/TR 11776] ISO 3005:1978 Textiles — Determination of dimensional change of fabrics induced by free-steam ISO 3006:2015 Road vehicles — Passenger car wheels for road use — Test methods ISO 3007:1999 Petroleum products and crude petroleum — Determination of vapour pressure — Reid method ISO 3008 Fire resistance tests — Door and shutter assemblies ISO 3008-1:2019 Part 1: General requirements ISO 3008-2:2017 Part 2: Lift landing door assemblies ISO 3008-3:2016 Part 3: Door and shutter assemblies horizontally oriented ISO 3008-4:2021 Part 4: Linear joint fire seal materials used to seal the gap between a fire door frame and the supporting construction ISO 3009:2003 Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Glazed elements ISO 3010:2017 Bases for design of structures — Seismic actions on structures ISO 3011:2021 Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of resistance to ozone cracking under static conditions ISO 3012:1999 Petroleum products — Determination of thiol (mercaptan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels — Potentiometric method ISO 3013:1997 Petroleum products — Determination of the freezing point of aviation fuels ISO 3014:1993 Petroleum products — Determination of the smoke point of kerosine ISO 3015:2019 Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of cloud point ISO 3016:2019 Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources — Determination of pour point ISO 3017:1981 Abrasive discs — Designation, dimensions and tolerances — Selection of disc outside diameter/centre hole diameter combinations [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 21950] ISO 3018:1974 Textile floor coverings — Rectangular textile floor coverings — Determination of dimensions ISO 3019 Hydraulic fluid power — Dimensions and identification code for mounting flanges and shaft ends of displacement pumps and motors ISO 3019-1:2001 Part 1: Inch series shown in metric units ISO 3019-2:2001 Part 2: Metric series ISO 3019-3:1988 Part 3: Polygonal flanges (including circular flanges) [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3019-2:2001] ISO/AWI 3020 Agricultural tractors and self-propelled sprayers — Protection of the Operator (driver) against hazardous substances [Under development; originally planned ISO 3020 Test conditions for box type vertical drilling machines — Testing of the accuracy — Practical test became ISO 2772-2] ISO 3020-1 Part 1: Terminology and overview [Under development] ISO 3020-2 Part 2: Cab and HVAC design concepts [Under development] ISO 3020-3 Part 3: Classification, requirements and test procedures [Under development] ISO 3020-4 Part 4: Filters – Requirements and test procedures [Under development] ISO 3020-5 Part 5: System validation [Under development] ISO 3021:2023 Adventure tourism — Hiking and trekking activities — Requirements and recommendations [original draft unknown] ISO 3022:1988 Cinematography — 35 mm motion-picture film perforated 16 mm (1-3-0) — Cutting and perforating dimensions ISO 3023:1995 Cinematography — 65 mm and 70 mm unexposed motion-picture film — Cutting and perforating dimensions ISO 3024:1983 Cinematography — Motion-picture camera cartridge, 8 mm type S, model 1 — Camera run length, perforation cut-out and end-of-run notch in film — Specifications ISO 3025:1974 Cinematography — Motion-picture camera cartridge, 8 mm Type S, Model II — Film load position [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3026:1992 Cinematography — Printed 8 mm Type S image area on 35 mm motion-picture film perforated 8 mm Type S, 2R-4.227 (1664) or 5R-4.234 (1667) — Position and dimensions ISO 3027:1984 Cinematography — Magnetic stripes and recording head gaps for sound record on 8 mm Type S motion-picture films — Position and width dimensions [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3028:1984 Photography — Camera flash illuminants — Determination of ISO spectral distribution index (ISO/SDI) ISO 3029:1995 Photography – 126-size cartridges – Dimensions of cartridge, film and backing paper [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3030:2022 Rolling bearings — Radial needle roller and cage assemblies — Boundary dimensions and tolerances ISO 3031:2021 Rolling bearings — Thrust needle roller and cage assemblies, thrust washers — Boundary dimensions, geometrical product specifications (GPS) and tolerance values ISO 3032 Test conditions for pillar type vertical drilling machines — Testing of the accuracy [Draft numbered ISO 2773-2] ISO 3033 Oil of spearmint ISO 3033-1:2005 Part 1: Native type (Mentha spicata L.) ISO 3033-2:2005 Part 2: Chinese type (80% and 60%) (Mentha viridis L. var. crispa Benth.), redistilled oil ISO 3033-3:2005 Part 3: Indian type (Mentha spicata L.), redistilled oil ISO 3033-4:2005 Part 4: Scotch variety (Mentha x gracilis Sole) ISO 3034:2011 Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of single sheet thickness ISO 3035:2011 Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of flat crush resistance ISO 3036:1975 Board — Determination of puncture resistance ISO 3037:2013 Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of edgewise crush resistance (unwaxed edge method) ISO 3038:1975 Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of the water resistance of the glue bond by immersion ISO 3039:2010 Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of grammage of the component papers after separation ISO 3040:2016 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Dimensioning and tolerancing – Cones ISO 3041:1975 Welding requirements — Categories of service requirements for welded joints [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3042:1992 Cinematography — Labelling of containers for raw-stock motion-picture films and magnetic films — Minimum information specifications ISO 3043:1975 Oil of pimento berry [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3044:2020 Essential oil of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill and L.A.S. Johnson (syn. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) ISO 3045:2004 Oil of bay [Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore] ISO 3046 Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Performance ISO 3046-1:2002 Part 1: Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods — Additional requirements for engines for general use ISO 3046-2:1987 Part 2: Test methods [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3046-1:2002] ISO 3046-3:2006 Part 3: Test measurements ISO 3046-4:2009 Part 4: Speed governing ISO 3046-5:2001 Part 5: Torsional vibrations ISO 3046-6:2020 Part 6: Overspeed protection ISO 3046-7:1995 Part 7: Codes for engine power [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3046-1:2002] ISO 3047:1982 Cinematography — Spool, daylight loading type, for 35 mm motion-picture cameras (capacity 30 m – 100 ft) — Dimensions ISO 3048:1974 Gypsum plasters — General test conditions [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3049:1974 Gypsum plasters — Determination of physical properties of powder [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3051:1974 Gypsum plasters — Determination of mechanical properties [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3052:1974 Gypsum plasters — Determination of water of crystallization content [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3053:2004 Oil of grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.), obtained by expression ISO 3054:2017 Essential oil of lavandin Abrial (Lavandula angustifolia Mill. × Lavandula latifolia Medik.), French type ISO 3055:2021 Kitchen equipment — Coordinating sizes ISO 3056:1986 Non-calibrated round steel link lifting chain and chain slings — Use and maintenance ISO 3057:1998 Non-destructive testing — Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination ISO 3058:1998 Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers ISO 3059:2012 Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions ISO 3060:1974 Textiles — Cotton fibres — Determination of breaking tenacity of flat bundles ISO 3061:2008 Oil of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) ISO 3062:1974 Oil of sandalwood (Eucarya spicata), Australia [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3063:2004 Oil of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. et Thomson forma genuina) ISO 3064:2015 Essential oil of petitgrain, Paraguayan type (Citrus aurantium L. var. Paraguay (syn. Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia Hook f.)) ISO 3065:2021 Essential oil of Eucalyptus, Australian type ISO 3066:1986 Duplicating machines — Registration [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3067:1983 Cinematography — Motion-picture camera cartridge, 8 mm Type S, Model I — Notches for film speed, film identification and colour-balancing filter — Dimensions and positions [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3068:1982 Cinematography — Magnetic stripes for sound records on 16 mm motion-picture film perforated 8 mm Type S-2R (1-4) and (1-3) — Positions and width dimensions [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3069:2000 End-suction centrifugal pumps — Dimensions of cavities for mechanical seals and for soft packing ISO 3070 Machine tools — Test conditions for testing the accuracy of boring and milling machines with horizontal spindle ISO 3070-0:1982 Part 0: Introduction [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3070-(1-3):2007] ISO 3070-1:2007 Part 1: Machines with fixed column and movable table ISO 3070-2:2016 Part 2: Machines with movable column along the X-axis (floor type) ISO 3070-3:2007 Part 3: Machines with movable column and movable table ISO 3071:2020 Textiles — Determination of pH of aqueous extract ISO 3072:1975 Wool — Determination of solubility in alkali ISO 3073:1975 Wool — Determination of acid content ISO 3074:2014 Wool — Determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter in combed sliver ISO 3075:1980 Short link chain for lifting purposes — Grade S (6) non calibrated, for chain slings etc. [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3076:2012 Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes — Medium tolerance sling chains for chain slings — Grade 8 ISO 3077:2001 Short-link chain for lifting purposes — Grade T, (types T, DAT and DT), fine-tolerance hoist chain ISO 3078:2016 Shipbuilding — Cargo winches ISO 3079:2022 A two-electrode method using acetic acid to measure pitting potential of aluminium and aluminium alloys in chloride solutions [original draft unknown] ISO 3080:1974 Guide for the mechanical balancing of marine main steam turbine machinery for merchant service [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3081:1986 Iron ores — Increment sampling — Manual method [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3082] ISO 3082:2017 Iron ores – Sampling and sample preparation procedures ISO 3083:1986 Iron ores — Preparation of samples — Manual method [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3082] ISO 3084:1998 Iron ores — Experimental methods for evaluation of quality variation ISO 3085:2019 Iron ores — Experimental methods for checking the precision of sampling, sample preparation and measurement ISO 3086:2006 Iron ores — Experimental methods for checking the bias of sampling ISO 3087:2020 Iron ores — Determination of the moisture content of a lot ISO 3088:1975 Welding requirements — Factors to be considered in specifying requirements for fusion welded joints in steel (technical influencing factors) [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3089:2005 Machine tools — Test conditions for self-centring, manually operated chucks with one-piece jaws ISO 3090:1974 Ropes and cordage — Netting yarns — Determination of change in length after immersion in water [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3091:1975 Meat and meat products — Determination of nitrate content (Reference method) ISO/CIE TR 3092:2023 Light and lighting – Energy performance of lighting in buildings – Explanation and justification of ISO/CIE 20086 [original draft unknown] ISO 3093:2009 Wheat, rye and their flours, durum wheat and durum wheat semolina — Determination of the falling number according to Hagberg-Perten ISO 3094:1974 Fruit and vegetable products — Determination of copper content — Photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3095:2013 Acoustics – Railway applications – Measurement of noise emitted by railbound vehicles ISO 3096:2018 Rolling bearings — Needle rollers — Boundary dimensions, geometrical product specifications (GPS) and tolerance values ISO/R 3097:1974 Rolling bearings — Needle rollers — Light and medium series — Dimensions and tolerance values [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 1206] ISO 3098 Technical product documentation – Lettering ISO 3098-1:2015 Part 1: General requirements ISO 3098-2:2000 Part 2: Latin alphabet, numerals and marks ISO 3098-3:2000 Part 3: Greek alphabet ISO 3098-4:2000 Part 4: Diacritical and particular marks for the Latin alphabet ISO 3098-5:1997 Part 5: CAD lettering of the Latin alphabet, numerals and marks ISO 3098-6:2000 Part 6: Cyrillic alphabet ISO 3099:1974 Oilseed residues — Determination of total nitrogen content [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3100 Meat and meat products — Sampling and preparation of test samples ISO 3100-1:1991 Part 1: Sampling [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 17604] ISO 3100-2:1998 Part 2: Preparation of test samples for microbiological examination [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 6887-2] ISO 3101:1981 Wheels and castors — Triangular top plates with three fixing holes [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 22883 and ISO 22884] ISO 3102:1981 Wheels and castors for non-powered equipment — Off-set for swivel castors [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 22883 and ISO 22884] ISO 3103 Tea – Preparation of liquor for use in sensory tests ISO 3104:2020 Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity ISO 3105:1994 Glass capillary kinematic viscometers – Specifications and operating instructions ISO 3106:1974 Dental zinc oxide/eugenol filling materials [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 3107] ISO 3107:2022 Dentistry — Zinc oxide/eugenol cements and zinc oxide/non-eugenol cements ISO 3108:2017 Steel wire ropes — Test method — Determination of measured breaking force ISO 3109:1984 Assembly tools for screws and nuts — Hexagon insert bits for hexagon socket head screws [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 2351-3] ISO 3110:1975 Copper alloys — Determination of aluminium as alloying element — Volumetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3111:1975 Copper alloys — Determination of tin as alloying element — Volumetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3112:1975 Copper and copper alloys — Determination of lead — Extracting titration method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3114:1977 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes for potable water supply — Extractability of lead and tin — Test method ISO 3115:1981 Castings in magnesium alloys containing zirconium — Chemical composition and mechanical properties [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 16220] ISO 3116:2019 Magnesium and magnesium alloys — Wrought magnesium and magnesium alloys ISO 3117:1977 Tangential keys and keyways [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3118:1976 Sodium perborates for industrial use — Determination of particle size distribution by mechanical sieving [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3119:1976 Boric acid, boric oxide and disodium tetraborates for industrial use — Determination of chromium content — Diphenylcarbazide photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3120:1976 diSodium tetraborates and crude sodium borates for industrial use — Determination of water content — Gravimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3121:1976 Boric acid, boric oxide and disodium tetraborates for industrial use — Determination of chloride content — Mercurimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3122:1976 Boric acid, boric oxide, disodium tetraborates, sodium perborates and crude borates for industrial use — Determination of iron content — 2,2'- Bipyridyl photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3123:1976 Sodium perborates for industrial use — Determination of rate of solution — Conductivity method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3124:1976 Crude sodium borates for industrial use — Determination of iron soluble in alkaline medium — 2,2'- Bipyridyl photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3125:1976 Crude sodium borates for industrial use — Determination of aluminium soluble in alkaline medium — EDTA titrimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3126:2005 Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions ISO 3127:1994 Thermoplastics pipes — Determination of resistance to external blows — Round-the-clock method ISO 3129:2019 Wood — Sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens ISO 3130:1975 Wood — Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 13061-1] ISO 3131:1975 Wood — Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 13061-2] ISO 3132:1975 Wood — Testing in compression perpendicular to grain [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 13061-5] ISO 3133:1975 Wood — Determination of ultimate strength in static bending [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 13061-3] ISO 3134 Light metals and their alloys — Terms and definitions ISO 3134-1:1985 Part 1: Materials [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3134-2:1985 Part 2: Unwrought products [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3134-3:1985 Part 3: Wrought products [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3134-4:1985 Part 4: Castings [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3134-5:1981 Part 5: Methods of processing and treatment [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3135:2025 Marking pens — Durability of written line — Documentary use (DOC) [Original draft with this number unknown] ISO 3136:2023 Rubber latex — Styrene-butadiene — Determination of bound styrene content ISO 3137:1974 Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for industrial use — Sampling ISO 3138:1974 Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for industrial use — Determination of non-volatile acid content — Titrimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3139:1976 Aqueous hydrofluoric acid for industrial use — Sampling and methods of test ISO 3140:2019 Essential oil of sweet orange expressed [Citrus sinensis (L.)] ISO 3141:1997 Oil of clove leaves [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry, syn. Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock et S. Harrison] ISO 3142:1997 Oil of clove buds [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry, syn. Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock et S. Harrison] ISO 3143:1997 Oil of clove stems [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry, syn. Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock et S. Harrison] ISO 3144:1974 Carbon disulphide for industrial use — Sampling and methods of test ISO 3145:1974 Rolling bearings — Bearings with spherical outside surface and extended inner ring width — Eccentric locking collars [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 9628] ISO 3146:2000 Plastics — Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods ISO 3147:1975 Heat exchangers — Verification of thermal balance of water-fed or steam-fed primary circuits — Principles and test requirements [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3148:1975 Radiators, convectors and similar appliances — Determination of thermal output — Test method using air-cooled closed booth [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3149:1975 Radiators, convectors and similar appliances — Determination of thermal output — Test method using liquid-cooled closed booth [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3150:1975 Radiators, convectors and similar appliances — Calculation of thermal output and presentation of results [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO/TR 3151 Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface [originally planned draft with this number was an engineering standard] ISO/TR 3151-1:2023 Part 1: Overview ISO/TR 3151-2:2025 Part 2: 3D error feedback in heavy industry ISO/TR 3152:2022 Road vehicles — Comparison between ISO 26262-12 and other parts of the ISO 26262 series to support motorcycle adaptation ISO 3153 Mechanical vibration — Posture in whole-body vibration environments [Under development; original draft with this number unknown] ISO 3154:1988 Stranded wire ropes for mine hoisting — Technical delivery requirements ISO 3155:1976 Stranded wire ropes for mine hoisting — Fibre components — Characteristics and tests ISO 3156:1976 Stranded wire ropes for mine hoisting — Impregnating compounds, lubricants and service dressings — Characteristics and tests ISO 3157:1991 Radioluminescence for time measurement instruments — Specifications [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3158:1976 Timekeeping instruments — Symbolization of control positions ISO 3159:2009 Timekeeping instruments — Wrist-chronometers with spring balance oscillator ISO 3160 Watch-cases and accessories — Gold alloy coverings ISO 3160-1:1998 Part 1: General requirements ISO 3160-2:2015 Part 2: Determination of fineness, thickness, corrosion resistance and adhesion ISO 3160-3:1993 Part 3: Abrasion resistance tests of a type of coating on standard gauges [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 23160] ISO 3161:1999 Aerospace — UNJ threads — General requirements and limit dimensions ISO 3162:1974 Caravans and light trailers — Couplings for vacuum braking systems — Dimensional characteristics [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3163:2022 Adventure tourism — Terminology [original draft unknown] ISO 3164:2013 Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluations of protective structures — Specifications for deflection-limiting volume ISO 3165:1976 Sampling of chemical products for industrial use — Safety in sampling ISO 3166: Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions ISO 3166-1:2020 Part 1: Country codes ISO 3166-2:2020 Part 2: Country subdivision code ISO 3166-3:2020 Part 3: Code for formerly used names of countries ISO 3167:2014 Plastics — Multipurpose test specimens ISO 3168:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, single lug, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3169:2023 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Methods for chemical analysis of impurities in aluminium oxide powders using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry [original draft unknown] ISO 3170:2004 Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling ISO 3171:1988 Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling ISO/TR 3172:1974 Paints and varnishes — Large scale brushing test [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3173:1974 Road vehicles — Apparatus for measurement of the opacity of exhaust gas from diesel engines operating under steady state conditions [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 11614] ISO 3174:1994 Aircraft — Connections for checking hydraulic systems by ground appliances — Threaded type ISO 3175 Textiles — Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments ISO 3175-1:2017 Part 1: Assessment of performance after cleaning and finishing ISO 3175-2:2017 Part 2: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using tetrachloroethene ISO 3175-3:2017 Part 3: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using hydrocarbon solvents ISO 3175-4:2018 Part 4: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using simulated wetcleaning ISO 3175-5:2019 Part 5: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using dibutoxymethane ISO 3175-6:2017 Part 6: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using decamethylpentacyclosiloxane ISO 3176 Textiles — Determination of dimensional stability on dry cleaning in perchloroethylene, excluding finishing laboratory method [Rejected draft] ISO 3177:1975 Potassium hydroxide for industrial use — Determination of chlorides content — Photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3178:1988 Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Terms of acceptance [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3179:1974 Coniferous sawn timber — Nominal dimensions [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3180:2023 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Methods for chemical analysis of hydroxyapatite powders [original draft merged into ISO 3179] ISO 3181 Nanotechnologies — Total, encapsulated, and free drug quantitation in doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomal formulations using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) [Under development; original draft merged into ISO 3179] ISO 3182:2022 Light Measuring System for Smoke Emission Testing [original draft merged into ISO 3179] ISO 3183:2019 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems ISO 3184:1998 Reach and straddle fork-lift trucks — Stability tests [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 22915-3] ISO 3185:2021 Aerospace — Bolts, normal bihexagonal head, normal shank, short or medium length MJ threads, metallic material, coated or uncoated, strength classes less than or equal to 1 100 MPa — Dimensions ISO 3186:2008 Aerospace — Bolts, large bihexagonal head, normal shank, short or medium length MJ threads, metallic material, coated or uncoated, strength classes 1 250 MPa to 1 800 MPa — Dimensions ISO 3187:1989 Refractory products — Determination of creep in compression ISO 3188:1978 Starches and derived products — Determination of nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method — Titrimetric method ISO 3189 Sockets for wire ropes for general purposes ISO 3189-1:1985 Part 1: General characteristics and conditions of acceptance [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3189-2:1985 Part 2: Special requirements for sockets produced by forging or machined from the solid [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3189-3:1985 Part 3: Special requirements for sockets produced by casting [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3190:1975 Test conditions for turret and single spindle co-ordinate drilling machines with vertical spindle — Testing of the accuracy ISO 3191:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, single lug, reduced series, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3193:2008 Aerospace — Bolts, normal hexagonal head, normal shank, short or medium length MJ threads, metallic material, coated or uncoated, strength classes less than or equal to 1 100 MPa — Dimensions ISO 3194:1975 Potassium hydroxide for industrial use — Determination of sulphur compounds — Method by reduction and titrimetry [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3195:1975 Sodium hydroxide for industrial use — Sampling — Test Sample — Preparation of the main solution for carrying out certain determinations [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3196:1975 Sodium hydroxide for industrial use — Determination of carbonates content — Titrimetric method ISO 3197:1975 Sodium hydroxide for industrial use — Determination of chlorides content — Photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3198:1975 Sodium hydroxide for industrial use — Determination of sulphur compounds — Method by reduction and titrimetry [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3199:1975 Sodium chlorate for industrial use — Determination of chlorate content — Dichromate titrimetric method ISO 3200:1975 Sodium and potassium silicates for industrial use — Determination of sulphates content — Barium sulphate gravimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3201:1975 Sodium and potassium silicates for industrial use — Determination of iron content — 1,10- Phenanthroline photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3202:1997 Aerospace — Screws, pan head, internal offset cruciform ribbed or unribbed drive, threaded to head, MJ threads, metallic material, coated or uncoated, strength classes less than or equal to 1 100 MPa — Dimensions ISO 3203:1993 Aerospace — Bolts, normal bihexagonal head, normal or pitch diameter shank, long length MJ threads, metallic material, coated or uncoated, strength classes less than or equal to 1 100 MPa — Dimensions ISO 3205:1976 Preferred test temperatures [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3206:1975 Surface active agents — Analysis of technical alkane sulphonates — Determination of alkane monosulphonates content [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3207:1975 Statistical interpretation of data — Determination of a statistical tolerance interval [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 16269-6] ISO 3208:1974 Road vehicles — Evaluation of protrusions inside passenger cars ISO 3209:2016 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, floating, two lug, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3210:2017 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measurement of the loss of mass after immersion in acid solution(s) ISO 3211:2018 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of resistance of anodic oxidation coatings to cracking by deformation ISO 3212:1975 Polypropylene pipes — Burst test requirements [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3213:2009 Polypropylene (PP) pipes — Effect of time and temperature on the expected strength ISO 3214:2000 Oil of Litsea cubeba (Litsea cubeba Pers.) ISO 3215:1998 Oil of nutmeg, Indonesian type (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) ISO 3216:1997 Oil of cassia, Chinese type (Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees, syn. Cinnamomum cassia Nees ex Blume) ISO 3217:1974 Oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) ISO 3218:2014 Essential oils — Principles of nomenclature ISO 3219 Rheology ISO 3219-1:2021 Part 1: Vocabulary and symbols for rotational and oscillatory rheometry ISO 3219-2:2021 Part 2: General principles of rotational and oscillatory rheometry ISO 3220:1975 Copper and copper alloys — Determination of arsenic — Photometric method ISO 3221:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, 90 degrees corner, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3222:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, closed corner, reduced series, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3223:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, two lug, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3224:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, floating, single lug, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature )/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3225:1998 Aerospace — Nuts, anchor, self-locking, fixed, two lug, reduced series, with counterbore, with MJ threads, classifications: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/235 degrees C, 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/315 degrees C and 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature)/425 degrees C — Dimensions ISO 3228:2013 Rolling bearings — Cast and pressed housings for insert bearings — Boundary dimensions and tolerances ISO 3230:1998 Aerospace — Rivets, solid, 100 degrees normal countersunk head with dome, metallic material, with or without surface treatment — Dimensions ISO 3231:1993 Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 22479] ISO 3232:1974 Paints and varnishes — Determination of quantity of material in a container [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3233 Paints and varnishes — Determination of percentage volume of non-volatile matter ISO 3233-1:2019 Part 1: Method using a coated test panel to determine non-volatile matter and to determine dry-film density by the Archimedes' principle ISO 3233-2:2019 Part 2: Method using the determination of non-volatile-matter content in accordance with ISO 3251 and determination of dry film density on coated test panels by the Archimedes' principle ISO 3233-3:2015 Part 3: Determination by calculation from the non-volatile-matter content determined in accordance with ISO 3251, the density of the coating material and the density of the solvent in the coating material ISO 3234:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of loss in mass at 110 degrees C [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3235:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of acid-insoluble matter [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3236:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of chlorides content — Mercurimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3237:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of sulphates content — Calculation method and barium sulphate gravimetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3238:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of calcium content — EDTA complexometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3239:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of iron content — 1,10- Phenanthroline photometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3240:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of acidity or alkalinity [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3241:1975 Sodium sulphate for industrial use — Measurement of pH — Potentiometric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO/TR 3242:2022 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies – Use cases [original draft unknown] ISO 3243:1975 Keyboards for countries whose languages have alphabetic extenders — Guidelines for harmonization [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 9995-(1,7)] ISO 3244:1984 Office machines and data processing equipment — Principles governing the positioning of control keys on keyboards [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 9995-(1,7)] ISO 3245:2015 Rolling bearings — Needle roller bearings with drawn cup and without inner ring — Boundary dimensions, geometrical product specifications (GPS) and tolerance values ISO 3246:1977 Dentistry — Working space of the dentist — Definitions and principles [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3247 Mosaic parquet panels — Classification of oak strips [Rejected draft] ISO 3248:2016 Paints and varnishes — Determination of the effect of heat ISO 3249:1975 Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Definitions of locations on an engine [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 1204] ISO/TS 3250:2021 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Calculation and reporting production efficiency in the operating phase [Original draft with this number unknown] ISO 3251:2019 Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy – Vocabulary ISO 3253:1998 Gas welding equipment — Hose connections for equipment for welding, cutting and allied processes [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO/TR 28821] ISO 3254:1989 Shipbuilding and marine structures — Toughened safety glass panes for rectangular windows [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 21005] ISO 3255:1974 Magnesium and magnesium alloys — Determination of aluminium — Chromazurol S photometric method ISO 3256:1977 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Determination of magnesium — Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method ISO 3257:1992 Rubber compounding ingredients — Carbon black — Method of evaluation in styrene-butadiene rubbers [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3258:1976 Air distribution and air diffusion — Vocabulary [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3259 Pulps — Determination of pentosans content — Furfural method [Rejected draft] ISO 3260:2015 Pulps — Determination of chlorine consumption (Degree of delignification) ISO 3261:1975 Fire tests — Vocabulary [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3262 Extenders — Specifications and methods of test ISO 3262-1:2020 Part 1: Introduction and general test methods ISO 3262-2:1998 Part 2: Barytes (natural barium sulfate) ISO 3262-3:1998 Part 3: Blanc fixe ISO 3262-4:1998 Part 4: Whiting ISO 3262-5:1998 Part 5: Natural crystalline calcium carbonate ISO 3262-6:1998 Part 6: Precipitated calcium carbonate ISO 3262-7:1998 Part 7: Dolomite ISO 3262-8:1998 Part 8: Natural clay ISO 3262-9:1997 Part 9: Calcined clay ISO 3262-10:2000 Part 10: Natural talc/chlorite in lamellar form ISO 3262-11:2000 Part 11: Natural talc, in lamellar form, containing carbonates ISO 3262-12:2001 Part 12: Muscovite-type mica ISO 3262-13:1997 Part 13: Natural quartz (ground) ISO 3262-14:2000 Part 14: Cristobalite ISO 3262-15:2000 Part 15: Vitreous silica ISO 3262-16:2000 Part 16: Aluminium hydroxides ISO 3262-17:2000 Part 17: Precipitated calcium silicate ISO 3262-18:2000 Part 18: Precipitated sodium aluminium silicate ISO 3262-19:2021 Part 19: Precipitated silica ISO 3262-20:2021 Part 20: Fumed silica ISO 3262-21:2000 Part 21: Silica sand (unground natural quartz) ISO 3262-22:2000 Part 22: Flux-calcined kieselguhr ISO 3263:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for loose bulk materials — Bucket elevators — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3264:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for loose bulk materials — Screw feeders and conveyors — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3265:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for loose bulk materials — Wagon tipplers handling rail-borne wagons (rotary, side discharge and end discharge) — Safety code ISO 3266:2010 Forged steel eyebolts grade 4 for general lifting purposes ISO 3267:1991 Road vehicles — Headlamp cleaners [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3268:1978 Plastics — Glass reinforced materials — Determination of tensile properties [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 527-(4-5)] ISO 3269:2019 Fasteners — Acceptance inspection ISO 3270:1984 Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and testing ISO 3271:2015 Iron ores for blast furnace and direct reduction feedstocks — Determination of the tumble and abrasion indices ISO 3272 Microfilming of technical drawings and other drawing office documents ISO 3272-1:2003 Part 1: Operating procedures ISO 3272-2:1994 Part 2: Quality criteria and control of 35 mm silver gelatin microfilms ISO 3272-3:2001 Part 3: Aperture card for 35 mm microfilm ISO 3272-4:1994 Part 4: Microfilming of drawings of special and exceptional elongated sizes ISO 3272-5:1999 Part 5: Test procedures for diazo duplicating of microfilm images in aperture cards [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3272-6:2000 Part 6: Quality criteria and control of systems for enlargements from 35 mm microfilm ISO 3273 Transparent A6 Microfiche – Additional physical characteristics [Rejected draft] ISO 3274:1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method – Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 25178-601] ISO 3275:1974 Information processing – Implementation of the 7- bit coded character set and its 7- bit and 8- bit extensions on 3,81 mm magnetic cassette for data interchange ISO 3276:1975 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Belt conveyors (canvas, rubber, plastic, etc.), steel band conveyors and wire mesh belt conveyors — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3277:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Suspended swing-tray conveyors and fixed-tray conveyors — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3278:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Canvas-sling elevators and conveyors — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3279:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Hydraulic conveyors — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3280:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Gravity roller and wheel conveyors, extensible-roller or telescopic-roller conveyors, and hinged-roller conveyors (gates) — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3281:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for unit loads — Spiral roller conveyor chutes, spiral chutes, and chutes for packages — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3282:1976 Aircraft — Dimensions for single-hole and triple-hole mounting (Class 3) lever-operated manual switches ISO 3283:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment — Transfer points — Safety code [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7149] ISO 3284:1974 Continuous mechanical handling equipment for loose bulk materials — Dimensions of bends for use in pneumatic handling ISO 3285:1986 Road vehicles — Ignition coil mounting brackets [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 3286:2016 Single point cutting tools — Corner radii ISO 3287:1999 Powered industrial trucks – Symbols for operator controls and other displays ISO 3288 Individual space heating appliances — General test methods [Rejected draft] ISO 3289 Independent room heaters burnings solid fuel — Particular test methods [Rejected draft] ISO 3290 Rolling bearings — Balls ISO 3290-1:2014 Part 1: Steel balls ISO 3290-2:2014 Part 2: Ceramic balls ISO 3291:2016 Extra-long Morse taper shank twist drills ISO 3292:2016 Extra-long parallel shank twist drills ISO 3293:2016 Morse taper shank countersinks for angles 60 degrees, 90 degrees and 120 degrees inclusive ISO 3294:2016 Parallel shank countersinks for angles 60, 90 and 120 degrees inclusive ISO 3295:1975 Narrow bandsaw blades for woodworking — Dimensions ISO 3296:1975 Textile machinery and accessories — Tubes for ring-spinning, doubling and twisting spindles, taper 1:64 [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 368] ISO 3297:2020 Information and documentation – International standard serial number (ISSN) ISO 3298:1994 Photography — Processing chemicals — Specifications for glacial acetic acid ISO 3299:1994 Photography — Processing chemicals — Specifications for 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone
== History and etymology == Proline was first isolated in 1900 by Richard Willstätter who obtained the amino acid while studying N-methylproline, and synthesized proline by the reaction of sodium salt of diethyl malonate with 1,3-dibromopropane. The next year, Emil Fischer isolated proline from casein and the decomposition products of γ-phthalimido-propylmalonic ester, and published the synthesis of proline from phthalimide propylmalonic ester. The name proline comes from pyrrolidine, one of its constituents.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Keep the powder dry, protected from light, and at minus 20 degrees Celsius or lower. A desiccant and a sealed vial limit moisture uptake. Let the vial reach room temperature before opening to reduce condensation.
Mass spectrometry provides the molecular mass, and reversed-phase chromatography shows retention behavior and purity. Together they give strong evidence for identity. Full sequence confirmation requires additional techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry.
Hydrolysis, oxidation, and deamidation are the principal routes. Their rates rise with temperature, pH extremes, and dissolved oxygen. Refrigeration and mildly acidic conditions slow the process.
Dry powder is held at minus twenty degrees Celsius or colder, away from light and moisture. Sealed vials under inert gas limit degradation during storage.